Asian-American Literature:
History, Classroom Use, Bibliography & WWW Resources

compiled by Brenda Hoffman.

[Introduction] [Rationale for Multiethnic Literature in the Classroom] [Characteristics of Good Multiethnic Literature] [History of Asian American Literature] [Booktalk: Amy Tan and Her Works] [Other Asian American Young Adult Fiction Reviews] [Laurence Yep; Book Reviews] [ERIC /Periodical Resources] [General Reference Resources] [Anthologies] [Traditional Literature] [Fiction] [Biography] [Nonfiction] [Movies]

Introduction

Asian American literature is a growing new field. It is considered one of the subdivisions of multicultural literature. The literature today like the Joy Luck Club are best sellers in the book market and there is a growing demand for more.

The Asian population of the United States today continues to rapidly increase and they constitute about 2.9% of the total American population. According the 1990 census, the largest Asian minority in the United States are the Chinese Asian population. Of that percentage, Chinese is the largest with a largest percentage being foreign born. The second largest group is the Filipino which constitute 19%. Japanese make up 12% with most of them being native born. Indian and Korean each are at 11% and Vietnamese make up 8% of the population. Another subgroup of Asians includes the Hmong (mung) which are a culture group that immigrated 5,000 years ago from China to the mountainous region of Laos, but many were forced out of their territory during the Vietnam War because they helped the United States during the conflict.


In reviewing the Asian American literature, it is also important to note the history of Asian immigration to the United States. The Chinese began immigrating to the United States around the time of the gold rush. They were a source of cheap labor for farms and they worked on the transcontinental railroad. The other Asian groups also immigrated to the United States after 1860 to work in the sugar plantations of Hawaii or farm fields of California. From the very beginning, there were attempts to reduce Asians to servitude by the contracts or cheap wages, but those attempts failed. They also contributed 50% of the taxes collected in California between 1850-1870 because of the Foreign miners tax of 1850. They were subject to periods of discrimination including the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1885 which prohibited immigration of Chinese. During World War II, Japanese Americans even though they were second and third generation immigrations were interned into concentration camps, and they lost millions of dollars in personal belongings and assets. Only recently have Asian Americans have become the model minority in American society but of the self-help and respect for higher education.


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Rationale for Using Multiethnic Literature in the Classroom

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According to Ramirez and Lee, there are two kinds of multiethnic literarture including multiethnic child literature and melting pot. Multiethnic child literature have themes that are of interest to all. The five themes are heritage, battle against racism and discrimination, everyday experiences, urban civilization, friendship and family relationships growing up. The cultural problems clearly come out as the protagonist is caught between two cultures and must learn to survive.

Melting pot books do not address racial issues, but rather emphasizing the same lifestyle. The main characters may have Asian features but there is no explanation as to their background or culture. The main characters dress contemporary. These books may be criticized for not addressing the cultural differences, but they actually be where many Asian descent Americans a Some examples of Asian American literature that fit this category include Allen Says books A River Dream (1988) and Lost Lake (1989).

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Characteristics of Good Multiethnic Literature

Good multiethnic literature have six characteristics which are important when evaluating the work of literature for libraries and the classroom. They include: